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与您的少年谈谈任何事情可能会在最好的时候具有挑战性，更不用说当关于吸烟，毒品或酒精等重要主题时。

少年时代是一个自我发现和尝试新事物的时期。这可能包括您的少年第一次尝试酒精，吸毒和吸烟。

那么，您如何与青少年谈论这样一个重要的话题，而无需他们分区而不听呢？以下是一些主要技巧，可以帮助您入门。

图片来源：Pexels

You can also check out this有用的视频从新西兰毒品基金会（NZ Drug Foundation）指导您与少年谈论毒品和酒精。

1. Start the conversation early

以适合年龄的方式开始与您的孩子谈论酒精，毒品和吸烟。例如，如果您看到某人抽烟，您可以告诉您的小学生，吸烟会上瘾，对您的健康不利。将车轮设置在年轻的时候，因此他们更好地了解涉及的风险。查看新西兰毒品基金会的对话计划者。

Don’t wait for your teenager to bring up the topic themselves, because chances are they won’t. In fact, bring the topic up way before you think they may be trying it.

2.提出问题并成为一个好听者

不要害怕问你的少年是否尝试过alcohol, drugs or smoking or are curious about trying them. Ask if any of their friends have tried it or if they’ve been in a situation where people were using them. Ask them if they have any questions and really listen to what your teenager tells you. Let them talk by not interrupting them or jumping in with comments or opinions.

3.尽量不要反应过度

如果您的少年确实告诉您他们尝试过酒精，吸毒或吸烟，请不要过度反应或吓坏。虽然可能很难，但要保持冷静并以非判断力的方式倾听。如果您反应过度，他们可能不会再告诉您任何事情。保持通信线路开放很重要。

在整个青少年时期或以后，喝酒或尝试大麻的同伴压力可能会持续。如果您认为您的孩子正在使用大麻或其他形式的大麻，例如大麻或大麻油，请尝试解决其大麻使用的问题。询问他们，如果他们将其用于抑郁症或其他问题的自我药物，则可能需要什么支持。

4. Be honest

尽可能诚实。不要谈论风险或弥补。如果您说实话，那么您的少年也更有可能是诚实的。

5.教育他们的影响和风险

Be armed with facts aboutalcohol, drugs and smoking。了解与它们相关的风险及其对短期和长期身体和大脑的影响。青少年可能不知道风险，或者可能通过朋友或互联网变得错误。

Teens using cannabis are probably not concerned about short-term effects such as drowsiness, increased appetite and impaired co-ordination. However, they may not be aware of the long-term risks such as reduced motivation, psychological problems and damage to their still-developing adolescent brain.

Tolerance and dependence can occur with regular cannabis use, meaning you need to take more of it to get the same effect. Talk with your teenager about how the more cannabis they use, the greater the risk they'll have long-term problems. Discuss the impact it can have on their future. Try to give them the facts without being judgemental. Telling them that all pot-smokers are ‘loser criminals who belong in jail’ probably won't score you any points with your teen. Focus on the risks; keep it about them and their future.

6.成为一个好榜样

确保您是青少年的好榜样。喝酒负责的方式和don’t smokeor take drugs. If your teenager sees you acting responsibly, they are more likely to act that way too.

7.对他们的生活感兴趣

对您少年的生活产生积极的兴趣。认识他们的朋友，与他们共度时光，并为他们服务，这有助于他们感到安全，自信和被爱。然后，他们将更有可能与您谈论自己的世界正在发生的事情。

8.知道你的孩子在哪里以及和谁在一起

Be aware that kids often have access to alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis and other drugs much earlier than you might imagine. Regular sleepovers at friends’ places and weekend parties can start before high school. Make sure you know whose place your kids are going to and check with their friend's parent or caregiver that they will be keeping an eye on them.